1775-82 1st Anglo Maratha War: struggle for power among Marathas
Sawai Madhav Rao (with Nana Phadnavis) v/s Raghunath Rao (with British)
1782: Treaty of Salbai → Status quo maintained; 20yrs peace b/w Maratha & British
1803-05 2nd Anglo Maratha War: to end influence of French. Link British area with BBO
Wellesley's desire to impose Subsidiary Alliance → 1802: Treaty of Bassein.
Most experienced Maratha leaders were dead by end of 18th century
British defeat Sindia & Bhonsle forces → Subsidiary treaties for all!
1817-18 3rd Anglo Maratha War: resentment of Marathas
Peshwa was dethroned, pensioned and sent to Kanpur
All territories annexed, added to Bombay Presidency
Kingdom of Satara created to placate Maratha pride
British now Paramount Power
Forced serfdom; DIKU (outsiders) money lenders;
1854 BIR SINGH of Sasan in Lachimpur
1855 June, SIDDHU & KHANU;
Cut off communications, attacked money lenders, zamindars, planters, etc.
Final → Capture, brutal suppression.
CHAKRA BISOI; Tribals of Ghumsar, China-ki-Medi, Kalahandi, Patna
Cause: abolition of human sacrifice, new taxes, influx of Zamindars & Sahukars
promote among Indian Muslims feelings of loyalty towards British govt.
protect political and other rights of Indian Muslims
Promote friendly feelings between Muslims and rest (without prejudice to above objectives)
- Lokenath Baul, Ganesh Ghosh, Anant Singh
- Chttagong Armoury Raid
VETO Power (GG & Governors)
CERTIFY: Bills/financial requirements
ORDINANCES
Burma & Aden separated from India
New Provinces: Sind & Orissa
Authority of Crown → Crown Representative (Gov-Gen)
Ballia - Chittee Pandey
Midnapur - Jaitiyo Sarkar
Satara - Prati Sarkar - Nana Patil
Prosecution of war against Japan (Germany had surrendered)
Interim admin of British India by Executive Council
Composition of Executive Council
Viceroy's Veto (INC wanted abolished, League wanted retained)
i. Establish government in India on basis of Cabinet Mission Plan
ii. If not formed by Oct 01 1947, report to Government of Britain
iii. Not to hand over power and obligations to any government earlier than transfer of power
iv. Treat Interim Government same as any dominion government
v. Maintain closeness to Indian leaders
vi. Ensure transfer of power was effected with full regards to defense requirement of India.
CA not to be interrupted, Constitution framed not binding on those unwilling to accept
Ascertain wishes of different parts → Existing CA; separate CA of dissident parts
Negotiations b/w → Successor Governments (wrt Lists); Government & HMG (wrt treaties); Provincial parties
Jun 09: League accepts
Jun 14: AICC accepts